Are There False Positives in Plagiarism Checkers?


These days, the use of AI platforms like ChatGPT, Claude, and other software has forced businesses, academic institutions, government agencies, and other organizations to stand guard against the indiscriminate use of AI-generated content. Just as these technologies have become better and better, new tools have been developed to detect these machine-created content.

As with any advancement in technology, abusing such tools is bound to happen. However, it also goes both ways depending on where you're coming from. While these plagiarism checkers are bound to catch people who cheat, they also bring the possibility of being accused as such. At the end of the day, these tools are rooted in similar algorithms that helped create the same content it is supposed to detect.

When you use AI writing tools, you may expect it to be nearly 100% fool-proof right?

Well, you still have to do a lot more editing, revisions, and factual checks to ensure that everything is correct, coherent, and relatable to your readers. When the AI hallucinates, it makes up facts from thin air. It also uses a lot of words that normally AI would. Yet, there are times when the topics or subject matter you write about is technical and there is just a limited number of ways you can rewrite them. You may end up using certain words, statements, and concepts that can be flagged down as "plagiarized" or "AI-generated." It's called "false positive."

Obviously, the generic spellchecker is no longer enough. Writers have to invest in plagiarism-checking tools to make sure their work is free from questionable content. But, are they really that good?

Yes, many are really good. Yet, some detect a lot more false positives than actual plagiarized and AI-generated content.

Don't Be Too Dependent

As much as we tell ourselves and remind people that depending too much on AI platforms to generate the content we need, we also have to be wary of blindly using plagiarism checkers to detect the same content we don't want. Copying without attribution is abhorred. Yet, forcing you to write 100% can be a tall order when you need to cite information you got elsewhere. Whether you quote something in full or rewrite it fully, you are bound to see false positives in certain tools.


When you're looking for the best possible tools that don't detect them, many websites say something else as they promote their tool above their competition. What gets flagged down as such?

  • Quoting Too Much - When you're lifting up words, sentences, and phrases too much, you will get higher plagiarism scores from the tool making it similar to the source material. However, it doesn't mean that the content is plagiarized.
  • Common Phrases - As mentioned above, some abstract and technical subjects can only be written in certain ways so you may have to use similar words and phrases from the reference. By describing something in the way it should be, the content will end up getting flagged as plagiarized or AI-generated.
There are certain human nuances that these tools can't detect because each one of us has different ways of expressing ourselves in writing. The tools only take note of the inconsistencies throughout the content

On the flip side, there are also what you call 'false negatives.' It happens the opposite when the tool misses out on plagiarized sections as these are heavily paraphrased or the original source is not recognized at all. To root out these, it is important to conduct independent research where the platform is missing potential matches. It is also important to have a good understanding of potential plagiarism.

Human Oversight is Needed

Despite the advancements in AI and plagiarism detection tools, the role of human oversight remains crucial. AI tools can assist in identifying potential issues, but they cannot fully understand context, nuance, and intent. Human reviewers can assess whether flagged content is genuinely problematic or if it has been mistakenly identified as such due to limitations in the algorithm. This combination of AI assistance and human judgment can help ensure that the final content is both original and accurate.

Moreover, human oversight is essential in maintaining the ethical standards of writing and publishing. AI can sometimes perpetuate biases present in the data it was trained on, and without human intervention, these biases might go unchecked. By involving humans in the review process, organizations can better ensure that their content is fair, balanced, and free from unintended biases.


Future Directions

As technology continues to evolve, so too will the tools designed to detect AI-generated content. Developers and users alike need to consider the ethical implications of these tools. Transparency about how these detection tools work and the data they rely on is crucial. Users need to understand the limitations and potential biases of these tools to use them effectively and ethically.

Additionally, there is a growing need for the development of standards and best practices for the use of AI in content creation and detection. Collaborative efforts between technologists, ethicists, and industry leaders can help create guidelines that balance innovation with ethical considerations, ensuring that AI serves as a helpful tool rather than a source of controversy and mistrust.

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